An overview of the removal of algal toxins by water treatment process / 军事医学

The environmental and health problems caused by the frequent occurrence of cyanobacteria blooming and its secondary metabolites,algal toxins, have become a hot spot in environmental science research.This article reviews the production and contamination status of algal toxins, and the removal effects of microcystins(MCs), anatoxin-a(ANTX) and other algal toxins by different water treatment processes, including coagulation and sedimentation, ozone oxidation, activated carbon adsorption,membrane treatment, chlorination and UV irradiation.Furthermore, the factors affecting the removal effect are analyzed,and the advantages and limitations of each water treatment process are summarized.Finally, some feasible proposals are presented regarding the future research of removing algal toxins.

Mutagenic and Estrogenic Effects of Organic Compounds in Water Treated by Different Processes: A Pilot Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this study, a pilot-scale investigation was conducted to examine and compare the biotoxicity of the organic compounds in effluents from five treatment processes (P1-P5) where each process was combination of preoxidation (O3), coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtration, ozonation, granular activated carbon, biological activated carbon and chlorination (NaClO).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Organic compounds were extracted by XAD-2 resins and eluted with acetone and dichlormethane (DCM). The eluents were evaporated and redissolved with DMSO or DCM. The mutagenicity and estrogenicity of the extracts were assayed with the Ames test and yeast estrogen screen (YES assay), respectively. The organic compounds were detected by GC-MS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results indicated that the mutation ratio (MR) of organic compounds in source water was higher than that for treated water. GC-MS showed that more than 48 organic compounds were identified in all samples and that treated water had significantly fewer types and concentrations of organic compounds than source water.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>To different extents, all water treatment processes could reduce both the mutagenicity and estrogenicity, relative to source water. P2, P3, and P5 reduced mutagenicity more effectively, while P1 reduced estrogenicity, most effectively. Water treatment processes in this pilot plant had weak abilities to remove Di-n-butyl phthalate or 1, 2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid.</p>